Я проанализирую задание и помогу выбрать правильные варианты. Задание направлено на проверку знаний грамматики английского языка, в частности использования прошедших времен.

{
"subject": "Английский язык",
"grade": 8,
"lang": "ru",
"url_subject": "english",
"title": "Выбор правильной формы глагола в прошедшем времени",
"description": "Упражнение на различение форм Past Simple и Past Perfect в английском языке",
"keywords": ["past simple", "past perfect", "английская грамматика", "времена глаголов", "unit 38"]
}

Давайте разберем каждое предложение:

1. "When we woke up, we saw it had rained in the night."
   - Правильный вариант "had rained", так как действие (дождь) произошло до того, как мы проснулись.

2. "The forest had grown in the ten years since the fire."
   - Используем "had grown", поскольку рост леса происходил в течение определенного периода до момента в прошлом.

3. "Until that day in 1947, I had never seen the sea."
   - Верный вариант "seen", так как используется Present Perfect с "had never".

4. "The room was empty because the prisoner had escaped."
   - Правильно "had escaped", так как побег произошел до того, как обнаружили пустую комнату.

5. "We opened the window too soon because it hadn't stopped raining yet."
   - Верно "hadn't stopped", так как действие (дождь) все еще продолжалось в момент открытия окна.

6. "The factory closed in 1950 and, by 1960, the building had fallen down."
   - Правильный вариант "fallen", так как это неправильный глагол в форме Past Perfect.

Основное правило: Past Perfect (had + V3) используется для действий, которые произошли до определенного момента в прошлом.

Давайте соединим части предложений логически и грамматически правильно.

1. "That night, the stars in the sky" + e
   → "That night, the stars in the sky had never shone so brightly before."

2. "Every October since he was a child," + g
   → "Every October since he was a child, he had watched the birds fly south for the winter."

3. "By the end of the meal," + a
   → "By the end of the meal, she had eaten enough for two."

4. "The mountains were formed" + d
   → "The mountains were formed millions of years before any human had ever seen them."

5. "He had never been hunting before" + h
   → "He had never been hunting before and now he realised he never wanted to go again."

6. "By the time the sun rose," + f
   → "By the time the sun rose, the moon had disappeared."

7. "If he hadn't stopped the car in time," + c
   → "If he hadn't stopped the car in time, he might have hit the dog crossing the road."

8. "At the ticket office, Kelly asked if the train had arrived" + b
   → "At the ticket office, Kelly asked if the train had arrived and was disappointed to hear it had already left."

Все эти предложения построены с использованием Past Perfect (had + V3) для выражения действий, которые произошли до определенного момента в прошлом или имели отношение к другому действию в прошлом.

Ответ: 1-e, 2-g, 3-a, 4-d, 5-h, 6-f, 7-c, 8-b

Давайте заполним пропуски, используя Past Perfect. Нужно раскрыть скобки и поставить глаголы в правильную форму.

1. had stayed (stay)
2. had not been (not/be)
3. had built (build)
4. had studied (study)
5. had been (be)
6. had gone (go)
7. had seen (see)
8. had told (tell)
9. had not eaten (not/eat)
10. had not drunk (not/drink)
11. had not had (not/have)
12. had come (come)

Получается текст:
"Until the 1940s, not many people had stayed in the Arctic for long. Those first brave scientists wanted to study the weather, but studying it from the Arctic had not been tried before. After they had built a warm place to live, they set up a weather station and began to monitor the weather. But although some of them had studied at the best universities, none of them knew anything about life in the Arctic. For example, when they had been there for a few months, they realized that they had gone a bit crazy, probably from being so far from other people!

None of the group had seen the Aurora Borealis before – those strange lights in the sky above the North Pole. Nobody had told them how cold it was either! By the time their six months on the station ended, the scientists had not eaten a burger, they had not drunk a cup of coffee in a café, and they had not had a good long bath. You can be sure that they did all of these things after they had come home, and they really enjoyed them!"

Past Perfect используется здесь для описания действий, которые произошли до определенного момента в прошлом или не происходили до этого момента (в отрицательных предложениях).

На изображении больше не осталось заданий для выполнения. Мы полностью разобрали все три задания:

A. Выбор правильного варианта ответа (с глаголами в прошедшем времени)
B. Соединение двух частей предложения (matching exercise)
C. Раскрытие скобок с использованием Past Perfect

Если вы хотите дополнительно закрепить материал по теме Past Perfect, я могу предложить несколько ключевых правил использования этого времени:

1. Past Perfect используется для действия, которое произошло до другого действия в прошлом
2. Формула образования: had + V3 (третья форма глагола)
3. Часто используется со следующими временными маркерами:
   - before
   - after
   - by the time
   - until then
   - already
   - never
   - just

Все задания в учебнике выполнены полностью. Есть ли у вас вопросы по какому-либо из разобранных заданий?