Present Continuous — ingliz tilidagi hozirgi davomli zamon: u hozir sodir bo'layotgan (I am reading — men o'qiyapman) yoki hozirgi davrda davom etayotgan harakatni tasvirlash uchun ishlatiladi. U am / is / are + -ing qo'shimchali fe'l formulasi bo'yicha hosil bo'ladi. Ushbu sahifada — jadvallar bilan qoida, -ing qo'shimchasining yozilishi, inkori va savoli, zamon markerlari, holat fe'llari, Present Simple va Present Continuous orasidagi farq hamda mavzuni mustahkamlash uchun 10 ta variantdan iborat mashq bor.
O'zingizni tekshiring: 12 ta gapdan iborat 10 ta variant, har bir javobdan keyin tahlil.
Trenerni ochingPresent Continuous nima?
Present Continuous (buni Present Progressive ham deyishadi) — ingliz tilidagi hozirgi davomli zamon. U harakatning jarayonda ekanligini ko'rsatadi: u allaqachon boshlangan, hali tugamagan va hozir yoki hozirgi davrda sodir bo'lmoqda.
O'zbek tilida alohida «davomli» zamon yo'q: ham «men har kuni o'qiyman», ham «men hozir o'qiyapman» bir xil eshitiladi. Ingliz tilida bu ikki xil zamon — Present Simple va Present Continuous. Shu sababli, o'zingizga berishingiz kerak bo'lgan asosiy savol: bu odatmi yoki hozir bo'layotgan jarayonmi?
- Look! It is raining. — Qara! Yomg'ir yog'moqda. (hammazamon)
- I am talking on the phone right now. — Men hozir telefonda gaplashyapman.
- She is studying for her exams this week. — Shu hafta u imtihonlarga tayyorlanmoqda. (vaqtincha)
Present Continuous: tuzilishi — am, is, are + -ing
Present Continuous ikki qismdan tuziladi: hozirgi zamondagi yordamchi to be fe'li (am, is yoki are) va -ing qo'shimchali asosiy fe'l. Qaysi be shaklini tanlash gapning egasiga bog'liq. So'zlashuv tilida va do'stga yozishda shakllar deyarli har doim qisqartiriladi: I'm, she's, we're, they're.
Am / is / are siz -ing qo'shimchali fe'l — gap bo'la olmaydi. She playing tennis — xato: is yetmagan.
| Kim | Misol |
|---|---|
I am · I'm | I am reading a book.Men kitob o'qiyapman. |
he / she / it is · she's | She is playing tennis.U tennis o'ynayapti. |
you / we / they are · they're | They are watching TV.Ular televizor ko'rishmoqda. |
-ing qo'shimchasini yozish qoidalari
Ko'p hollarda -ing qo'shimchasi fe'lga qo'shiladi. Lekin asosning yozilishi o'zgaradigan uchta holat bor — aynan shu yerlarda nazorat ishlarida ko'pincha ball yo'qotiladi.
Present Continuous: inkori va savoli
Bu zamonda barcha «grammatik ish» am / is / are ga yuklangan, asosiy -ing qo'shimchali fe'l esa o'zgarmaydi. Inkorda yordamchi fe'ldan keyin not qo'yiladi, savolda esa yordamchi fe'l egadan oldinga chiqadi. Do va does bu yerda kerak emas — ular Present Simple ga tegishli.
I 'm not working today.
What are you doing?
Present Continuous qachon ishlatiladi
- So'zlashuv paytidagi harakat — gapirayotganimizda aynan hozir sodir bo'layotgan ish.
Listen! Somebody is playing the piano. - Vaqtincha holat — harakat ma'lum bir davrni (bugun, shu hafta, shu oy) qamrab oladi, lekin doimiy emas.
My dad is working from home this month. - O'zgarishlar va tendensiyalar — asta-sekin o'zgarib borayotgan narsalar.
The weather is changing. The days are becoming shorter. - Yaqin kelajak rejalari, kelishilgan ishlar: chiptalar sotib olingan, uchrashuv tayinlangan.
I am meeting John tomorrow. We are flying to Paris next week. - Doimiy bezovta qiluvchi odat always, constantly so'zlari bilan — gapiruvchi norozi.
He is always complaining! — U doimo shikoyat qiladi!
Present Continuous markerlari: now, at the moment, Look!
Marker so'zlar qaysi zamonni ishlatish kerakligini ko'rsatadi. Look!, Listen!, Be quiet! kabi undovlar ham marker hisoblanadi: biz hozir sodir bo'layotgan narsaga qarashni yoki quloq tutishni so'raymiz.
Holat fe'llari: Present Continuous da ishlatilmaydigan fe'llar
Ba'zi fe'llar harakatni emas, holatni — his-tuyg'u, fikr, bilim, egalikni bildiradi. Holatning jarayoni bo'lmaydi, shuning uchun bunday fe'llar (stative verbs) odatda Continuous zamonida ishlatilmaydi, hatto «hozir» haqida gap ketganda ham.
Bu fe'llarning ba'zilarining ikkinchi ma'nosi — harakat, va bu holda Continuous ishlatilishi mumkin:
- I think this film is boring. — Menimcha (fikr). / She is thinking about her answer. — U javobini o'ylayapti (jarayon).
- He has a big family. — Uning katta oilasi bor (egalik). / He is having lunch. — U tushlik qilmoqda (harakat).
- I see a bird on the roof. — Men tomda qushni ko'ryapman (idrok). / I am seeing the doctor tomorrow. — Men ertaga doktorni ko'rgani boraman (kelishuv).
| Guruh | Fe'llar |
|---|---|
| His-tuyg'ular va istaklar | like, love, hate, want, need, prefer |
| O'ylar va bilimlar | know, understand, believe, remember, forget, mean |
| Idrok | see, hear, smell, taste |
| Egalik | have (ega bo'lmoq), own, belong |
| Boshqa holatlar | be, seem, cost, contain |
Present Simple yoki Present Continuous: farqi nimada
Present Simple — bu umuman sodir bo'ladigan narsalar haqida: odatlar, jadval, faktlar. Present Continuous — hozir yoki vaqtincha sodir bo'layotgan narsalar haqida. Solishtiring: I walk to school every day (odat) va Today I am walking to school with my friend (bugungi holat).
Zamoni tanlash uchun ketma-ket uchta savol bering:
- Bu holat fe'li (know, like, want, have = ega bo'lmoq)mi? → Present Simple.
- Odat markerimi (every day, usually, often, on Mondays) yoki bu faktmi? → Present Simple.
- Harakat hozir, vaqtincha yoki kelishuvmi (now, Look!, this week, tomorrow)? → Present Continuous.
| Present Simple | Present Continuous |
|---|---|
| Nima ifodalaydi | |
| Odatlar, takrorlanishlar, jadval, faktlar | So'zlashuv paytidagi harakat, vaqtinchalik holat, o'zgarishlar, rejalar |
| Qanday hosil bo'ladi | |
| V / V‑s do / does | am / is / are + V‑ing |
| Markerlar | |
| every day, usually, often, always, never, on Mondays | now, at the moment, Look!, Listen!, today, this week |
| Misol | |
| He drinks coffee every morning. | Today he is drinking tea. |
| Inkori va savoli | |
| He doesn't drink milk. Does he drink milk? | He isn't drinking milk. Is he drinking milk? |
Misollar bilan tahlil: qavslarni oching
1-misol. Listen! marker
Topshiriq: Listen! The neighbours ___ (argue) again.
1-qadam. «Listen!» — bizni hozir eshitilayotgan narsaga quloq tutishga chaqirishyapti. Demak, Present Continuous.
2-qadam. Ega the neighbours — ko'plikda (ular) → are.
3-qadam. Argue oxirida tovushsiz -e bilan tugaydi: u tushadi → arguing.
Javob: Listen! The neighbours are arguing again.
2-misol. Odat va -es qo'shimchasi
Topshiriq: Tim ___ (study) French twice a week.
1-qadam. Twice a week — muntazam harakat, odat → Present Simple.
2-qadam. Ega Tim — bu «u», demak, -s qo'shimchasi kerak.
3-qadam. Study undosh + y bilan tugaydi: y, i ga o'zgaradi, -es qo'shiladi.
Javob: Tim studies French twice a week.
3-misol. Holat fe'li inkorda
Topshiriq: I ___ (not / know) where my bag is.
1-qadam. «Hozir» haqida gap ketayotgandek tuyuladi va am not knowing yozgisi keladi.
2-qadam. Lekin know — holat fe'li (bilim), uni Continuous zamonida ishlatishmaydi.
3-qadam. Present Simple ning I bilan inkori: do not → don't + qo'shimchasiz fe'l.
Javob: I don't know where my bag is.
4-misol. Present Continuous savoli
Topshiriq: ___ (they / dance) now?
1-qadam. Now — hozirgi paytdagi harakat → Present Continuous.
2-qadam. Savolda yordamchi fe'l egadan oldin turadi; they bilan — are.
3-qadam. Dance → tovushsiz -e tushadi → dancing.
Javob: Are they dancing now? — Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
Present Continuous da tez-tez uchraydigan xatolar
-
Yordamchi fe'lni tushirib qoldirish: *She reading a book.*
Am / is / are siz gap bo'la olmaydi: She is reading a book.
-
Noto'g'ri be shaklini ishlatish: *They is singing.*
I — am, he / she / it — is, you / we / they — are: They are singing.
-
-ing yozilishida xatolik: *runing*, *writeing*, *lieing*.
Undoshni ikki marta yozish (qisqa unlidan keyin: running), tovushsiz -e ni tushirish (writing), -ie ni -y ga o'zgartirish (lying).
-
Holat fe'llarini Continuous zamonida ishlatish: *I am wanting a new bike.*
Want, know, like, need va boshqa holat fe'llari Present Simple da qoladi: I want a new bike.
-
Odat haqida Continuous zamonida gapirish: *I am going to school every day.*
Every day — Present Simple marker: I go to school every day.
-
Do / does bilan savol va inkorni tuzish: *Do you reading? She doesn't playing.*
Continuous zamonida faqat am / is / are ishlaydi: Are you reading? She isn't playing.
Present Continuous haqida savol va javoblar
Present Continuous sodda so'zlar bilan nima?
Bu hozirgi davomli zamon: u hozir yoki hozirgi davrda sodir bo'layotgan va hali tugamagan harakat haqida gapirish uchun ishlatiladi. Masalan: I am reading — men o'qiyapman (hozir, jarayonda).
Present Continuous qanday hosil bo'ladi?
Formulasi bo'yicha: ega + am / is / are + -ing qo'shimchali fe'l. Am — I bilan, is — he, she, it bilan, are — you, we, they bilan. Inkorda am / is / are dan keyin not qo'shiladi, savolda esa am / is / are egadan oldin qo'yiladi.
Present Continuous ning marker so'zlari qanday?
Now, right now, at the moment, at present, today, this week, these days, shuningdek Look! va Listen! undovlari. Kelajak rejalari uchun — tonight, tomorrow, next week.
Present Simple va Present Continuous orasidagi farq nima?
Present Simple — odatlar, jadval va faktlar haqida (every day, usually, often). Present Continuous — hozir yoki vaqtincha sodir bo'layotgan narsalar haqida (now, at the moment, this week). She plays the piano — u pianino chalishni biladi va muntazam chaladi; She is playing the piano — hozir pianino chalmoqda.
Qaysi fe'llar Present Continuous da ishlatilmaydi?
Holat fe'llari: his-tuyg'ular (like, love, hate, want, need), o'ylar (know, understand, believe, remember), idrok (see, hear), egalik (have ma'nosida «ega bo'lmoq», own, belong), shuningdek seem, cost. To'g'risi I know, I am knowing emas.
Present Continuous haqida kelajak haqida gapirish mumkinmi?
Ha, agar yaqin kelajakdagi kelishuv haqida gap ketsa: We are moving to a new flat next month. Odatda yonida vaqt ko'rsatkichi bo'ladi — tonight, tomorrow, next week. Bo'lmasa, gap «hozir» deb tushuniladi.
Present Continuous qaysi sinfda o'tiladi?
Odatda birinchi marta — 3–4-sinflarda, Present Simple va Present Continuous ni solishtirish esa 5–7-sinflarda batafsil takrorlanadi. Ushbu sahifadagi qoida har qanday o'quv yili uchun mos keladi.
